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Preservation of Microbial cultures

  PRESERVATION OF MICROBIAL CULTURES ·        Different techniques are used for maintenance and preservation of different organisms based on their properties.   ·        Techniques for the Preservation of microbes broadly divided into two categories. I. Continuous metabolic active state preservation technique. II. Suspended metabolic rate preservation technique. I) CONTINUOUS METABOLIC ACTIVE STATE PRESERVATION TECHNIQUE In this technique, organisms preserved on nutrient medium by repeated sub-culturing. In this technique, any organisms are stored by using general nutrient medium. Here repeated sub-culturing is required due to depletion or drying of nutrient medium. This technique includes preservation by following methods. 1) Periodic Transfer ·        Organisms grown in general media on slant, incubated for particular period at particular temperature depending on the cha...
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Bacteriological analysis of water – Most Probable Number (MPN) Technique

  Bacteriological analysis of water – Most Probable Number (MPN) Technique AIM                    To check the potability of the given Drinking water sample by Most Probable Number (MPN) Technique.     PRINCIPLE                    Washing receives human and animal waste from a primary source of water borne disease. Direct heating produces detecting and quantifying the full spectrum of pathogens and identifying their source are time consuming sources because of their variable accordance survival rate and origin. Hence, an indicator system has been identified as the best method for evaluating the microbiological quantify of water. Coliform especially faecal coliform test is considered as the most reliable test new available for detecting the presence of contamination of an intestinal origin. The c...

BACTERIAL CYTOSKELETON

  CYTOSKELETON —   Until very recently, scientists thought that the shape of all bacteria was completely determined by the peptidoglycan layer (cell wall). Although this is true of many bacteria, particularly the cocci. —   Other bacteria produce long polymers of a protein called Actin and Tubulin, arranged in helical ribbons around the cell just under the cell membrane. —   These fibers contribute to cell shape, perhaps by influencing the way peptidoglycan is manufactured, and also function in cell division. —   The fibers have been found in rod-shaped and spiral bacteria. —   The Cytoskeleton provides support and shape and assists in transporting substances through the cell. Figure – 11.1: Bacterial cytoskeleton (The actin fibers in these rod-shaped bacteria are Fluorescently stained)

GOLDEN AGE OF MICROBIOLOGY

  ·        The Golden Age of Microbiology refers to the period roughly between 1857 and 1914 , during which major advances were made in the field of microbiology. This era was marked by groundbreaking discoveries about microbes and their role in disease, fermentation, and other biological processes. ·        It laid the foundation for modern microbiology, immunolog y, and medical microbiology. ·        Key contributions in Golden Age of Microbiology includes ü   Louis Pasteur - Disproved Spontaneous Generation (by Swan Neck Flask Experiment), Fermentation (Beer and Wine), Pasteurization (Milk), Germ theory of disease and Vaccines (Rabies vaccine, Anthrax vaccine and Chicken cholera vaccine). ü   Robert Koch - Koch’s postulates, Introduced Pure Culture Techniques using solid media (agar plates), Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Vibrio cholerae and Bacillus an...