Saran's Learn Microbiology

  LOCOMOTION OF PROTOZOA  Protozoa are motile, they contain Cilia, Flagella and Pseudopodia which helps them in locomotion. a) Cilia ·       Some Protozoa used Cilia for locomotion as well as for the ingestion of foods and often function as a tactile organelle. ·        Cilia are fine, tiny hair like structures that cover the outside of the Protozoa. ·        The length of Cilia varies based on their location on cell or they can be uniform in length. ·        Cilia are arranged in longitudinal, oblique, or spiral rows, inserted either on the ridges or in the furrows. b) Flagella ·        Flagella are long thread-like structures that extend from the cell surface. ·        Flagella move in a whip-like motion that produces waves that propel the microbe around. ·     ...

NUTRITION OF PROTOZOA ·        Protozoa are Heterotrophic and usually require their food in a complex organic form. ·     Most protozoa are Chemoheterotrophic. They obtain nutrients by phagocytizing bacteria, decayed organic matter, other protozoa, or the tissues of a host; a few protozoa absorb nutrients from the surrounding water. ·        Protozoa nutrition are of three types a)      Holophytic Protozoa b)      Holozoic (Phagotrophic) Protozoa c)      Saprozoic Protozoa d)      Mixotrophic Protozoa   a) Holophytic Protozoa ·   Holophytic Protozoa are those synthesize carbohydrate with the help of Chlorophyll carried in Chromatophores and in the presence of light. ·        Holophytic Protozoa are Photosynthetic protozoa (Example - Phytoflagellates). ·     Phyt...

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF FLAGELLATED PROTOZOA ·      The Flagellated protozoans range from a simple Oval cell with one or more flagella to the structural sophistication of the collared flagellates. Pellicle ·        A thin, flexible membrane that supports the plasma membrane and helps them to change shape. Plasma membrane ·     The selectively permeable membrane that protects the inner content of the cell from the outside environment. Cytoplasm ·        A jelly-like substance distributed throughout the cell that contains all the cell organelles. Chloroplast ·    Contains the green pigment chlorophyll that helps them to produce food using sunlight by Photosynthesis.   Nucleus ·        A membrane-bound organelle that contains the Genetic material, DNA. ·      ...

ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CILIATED PROTOZOA Pellicle  ·        Pellicle is the outer cell membrane present in Ciliated Protozoa. ·        Ciliated Protozoa have fixed shape due to covering of thick and rigid Pellicle. ·       Although all Protozoa contain a cell membrane, some of them have compound coverings of membranes transformed for protection, support, and movement. Such combinations of membranes are known as a Pellicle. ·        The simplest form of pellicle is known as Plasmalema, for example, Amoebas are covered by a Plasmalemma only. ·        In some Protozoa and additional protective covering region has been evolved around the Pellicle. These coverings are known variously Asthecae, Shells, Tests, or Loricae and occur in almost all major groups of Protozoa. Plasmalema · ...