Saran's Learn Microbiology

  SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Solid Waste Management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial areas. Solid Waste Management reduces or eliminates the toxic pollutants on the environment & human health.  SOURCES OF SOLID WASTES 1) Residential Solid Waste Residences and Homes where people live are some of the major sources of solid waste. The Garbage from these places includes Food wastes, Plastics, Paper, Glass, Leather, Cardboard, Metals, Yard wastes, Ashes and Special wastes like bulky household items such as Electronics, Tires, Batteries, Old mattresses and used Oil. 2) Industrial Solid Waste Industries are known to be one of the biggest contributors to solid waste. Industrial Solid Waste include Light and Heavy manufacturing industries, Construction sites, Fabrication plants, Canning plants, Power and chem

BIOCONTROL AGENT – Trichoderma sp. General Characteristics of Trichoderma sp. Trichoderma  is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae, commonly one of the rhizosphere inhabitants. Trichoderma sp. is the avirulent plant symbiont fungus which acts as an antagonistic against many plant pathogenic fungi and offers protection from phytopathogenic plant diseases. The discovery of  Trichoderma  spp. as natural decomposition agent and biological agent of bioremediation has been reported by several studies. Trichoderma sp. is highly involved in the production of Transgenic plants. Trichoderma  spp. have great potential against soil borne pathogens, and it may be able to replace chemical pesticides in the near future. The difficulties encountered during the identification of  Trichoderma  isolates at the species level become more significant because of the morphological differences are rare and hard to observe. Commonly, biological control agents may not affect non-target organisms. Unfor

 BIOCONTROL AGENT - Pseudomonas fluorescens General Characteristics of Pseudomonas fluorescens Gram’s classification – Gram negative Shape – Rod shape Arrangement – Single in arrangement Size – Measures approximately 0.5 μ m in width and 2.0 - 2.5 μ m in length Family – Pseudomonadaceae Motility – Motile (due to presence of several Polar flagella) Capsule – Absent Endospores – Absent Respiration – Obligate aerobe. Optimum Temperature – 25 °C to 30 °C. Optimum pH – 7.0 Pseudomonas fluorescens secretes a soluble Greenish fluorescent pigment called Fluorescein, particularly under conditions of low iron availability. Pseudomonas fluorescens can able to produce Fluorescent pigment on King’s B Medium and shows positive reaction for Gelatin liquefaction, Catalase test, Oxidase test, Starch hydrolysis, Levan formation from sucrose, Citrate utilization, etc. Pseudomonas