Saran's Learn Microbiology

GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF CLINICAL SAMPLES Apply strict aseptic techniques throughout the procedure. Wash hands before and after the collection. Collect the specimen at the appropriate phase of disease. Collect or place the specimen aseptically in a sterile or appropriate container. Ensure that the outside of the specimen container is clean and uncontaminated. Close the container tightly so that its contents do not leak during transportation. Label and date the container appropriately and complete the requisition form. Arrange for immediate transportation of the specimen to the laboratory. The clinical specimen should be collected before the administration of antimicrobial agents. The specimen should be prevented from contamination with externally present organisms or normal flora of the body. CRITERIA FOR REJECTION OF CLINICAL SAMPLES Missing or inadequate identification. Insufficient quantity. Specimen collected in an inappropriate container. Contamination

ORIENTATION TO THE MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY LABORATORY OBJECTIVES To teach concepts of microbiological techniques using critically selected and tested experiments. Students will be taught through lectures and demonstrations (during this laboratory portion of the course) on such topics as effective hand washing, aseptic techniques, bacterial cultivation, cultural characteristics of bacteria, interpretation of laboratory results, labeling, and essential recording of their observations. Students will be taught how to use a Compound microscope including use of oil immersion lens, how to conduct staining (through instructor demonstrations and continual, active assistance with your professor during the lab period), as well as how to identify unknown species based on morphology, staining and biochemical results. Students will be taught how to test and analyze antimicrobial products and be instructed (through demonstrations and ongoing assisting of students) how to perform other means of contro

 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN Staphylococcus sp. AND Streptococcus sp. S.No Characteristics Staphylococcus sp. Streptococcus sp. 1 Arrangement Grape like cluster Chain like arrangement 2 Cell division Binary fission occurs in various directions (Multiple axes). Binary fission occurs in one linear direction (Single axis). 3 Catalase test Positive Negative 4 Enriched media Does not need Enriched media (Non-fastidious). Need Enriched media (Fastidious). 5 Habitat Found in Skin. Found in Respiratory tract. 6 Number of species 40 Species. 50 Species. 7 Hemolysis No hemolysis or Beta hemolysis Alpha or Beta or Gamma hemolysis. 8 Pathogen

 Streptococcus pneumoniae VIRIDANS Streptococcus ·        Viridans Streptococci are a heterogeneous group of α -hemolytic and non-hemolytic Streptococci . ·   Viridans Streptococci is the normal flora of the Oropharynx, Respiratory tract and Gastrointestinal tract of infants, children and adults. ·        Their group name is derived from viridis (Latin for “green”), a reflection of the fact that many of these bacteria produce a Green pigment on Blood agar media. ·        More than 30 species and sub-species have been identified under Viridans Streptococci . ·        Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most virulent member of the Viridans group. ·    Other Viridans Streptococci can be differentiated from  Streptococcus pneumoniae  using an Optochin test and Capsule. Other Viridans Streptococci are Optochin resistant and they also lack Capsule. ·        Most strains of Viridans Streptococci were highly susceptible to Penicillin. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ·        Gram’s classification – G